Book Review- Two Views of Hell: A Biblical and Theological Dialogue

{From “From Death To Life” Issue 18}

Two Views of Hell: A Biblical and Theological Dialogue

By Edward William Fudge and Robert A. Peterson.

Reviewed by Carl Josephson

This book was published by InterVarsity Press this year not long before Edward Fudge came to New Zealand. By giving equal space to the conditionalist and traditionalist understandings of hell IVP have granted ‘our’ interpretation long overdue recognition as at least a viable, biblical alternative. We congratulate the publishers and authors for this significant step.

As the subtitle suggests the book takes the format of a dialogue, with Edward Fudge presenting the conditionalist case first, followed by a response by Robert Peterson, then the traditionalist case is presented with the book concluding with a response by Fudge.

This book will serve the conditionalist cause well not only because of the strength of the biblical arguments but also because of the grace and humility with which Fudge writes. Sadly this cannot always be said for Peterson who begins his response to Fudge with an emotive description of his students reacting to The Fire That Consumes with “physical symptoms including headaches and churning stomachs.” On occasion he gets perilously close to a personal attack as much as discussing the doctrines involved. He does concede however that in many ‘other’ matters of biblical interpretation Fudge is competent and sound.

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“Hell” In Revelation

The Book of Revelation has often been misunderstood and misinterpreted in support of the doctrine of eternal conscious torment

For a discussion of Revelation 14:9-11 click here. This article is not on our website but is well worth reading.
For a discussion of Revelation 6:9-11 click here. This article too is not on our website but is well worth reading.
For a discussion of Revelation 20:10 visit Edward Fudge’s web site or click here.

The Worm and the Fire (Mark 9:43-48).

Do not Jesus’ words about the possibility of going into Gehenna, “where the worm does not die and the fire is not quenched” show that hell is a place of unending conscious torment? (Mark 9:43-48).

Before jumping to conclusions, however, the following facts must be taken into account:

1. Jesus is quoting from Isaiah chapter 66:15-16, 23-24 which pictures Gods destroying his enemies until all that remains is a pile of corpses, being consumed by maggots and fire, a scene of disgust and abhorrence.
2. The reference is to “dead bodies” not immortal immaterial souls.
3. The setting is a rubbish-dump outside of Jerusalem, not some other worldly subterranean “hell” which doubles as the Devil’s headquarters.
4. There is no suggestion that these people will suffer eternally though their carcasses will remain for a time as a reminder of their rebellion against God.

Those that argue that an “unquenchable fire” must have an endless supply of fuel or that an undying worm must have an endless supply of food simply ignore the way Scripture itself uses such language. A fire that is not “quenched” is precisely one that burns until it has consumed the object being burnt (Ezk. 20:47-48). No doubt the worms too will feed until the wicked are totally consumed as is pictured in (Malachi 4:1,3).